Biodiesel has emerged as a sustainable alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Creation of biodiesel involves transforming vegetable oils or animal fats into a eco-friendly fuel source. The process typically employs a chemical reaction known as transesterification, where the oil is combined with an alcohol, usually methanol, in the company of a c

Carbon dot nanomaterials (CDNs) have emerged as a sought-after class of nanomaterials with a broad spectrum of applications in various fields. These remarkably fluorescent nanoparticles exhibit unique optical, electronic, and catalytic properties that arise from their fundamental structure and surface chemistry. Their tunable size, shape, and

Lead sulfide semiconductor dots (QDs) represent a fascinating class of materials with exceptional optoelectronic properties due to their unique size-dependent band gap. These QDs exhibit tunable absorption and emission spectra in the visible region, making them highly desirable for a wide range of applications. This review delves into the diverse

Alloy powder, a finely divided material, holds significant importance in various industrial applications. Composed of compounds blended together, it exhibits unique features that distinguish it from its solid counterparts. The particle size of alloy powder is a crucial factor influencing its behavior and performance. Smaller grains generally lead t

Industrial fuel oil provides a vital purpose in many sectors of our economy. This refined petroleum product is commonly used to generate power for industrial processes, covering from manufacturing and construction to agriculture and energy production. The characteristics of industrial fuel oil make it a effective choice for these demanding applica